数组 Array
ES6 扩展元素符 ...
console.log(...[1, 2, 3])
// 1 2 3
console.log(1, ...[2, 3, 4], 5)
// 1 2 3 4 5
[...document.querySelectorAll('div')]
// [<div>, <div>, <div>]
function push(array, ...items) {
array.push(...items);
}
//copy
const a1 = [1, 2];
const [...a2] = a1;
// [1,2]
//merge
const arr1 = ['a', 'b'];
const arr2 = ['c'];
const arr3 = ['d', 'e'];
[...arr1, ...arr2, ...arr3]
// [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' ]
[...'hello']
// [ "h", "e", "l", "l", "o" ]
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通过扩展运算符实现的是浅拷贝,修改了引用指向的值,会同步反映到新数组
解构赋值
const [first, ...rest] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
first // 1
rest // [2, 3, 4, 5]
const [first, ...rest] = [];
first // undefined
rest // []
const [first, ...rest] = ["foo"];
first // "foo"
rest // []
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swap 交换变量
let a = 1;
let b = 2;
[a, b] = [b, a];
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Array()
Array() // []
Array(3) // [, , ,]
Array(3, 11, 8) // [3, 11, 8]
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Array.from()
将两类对象转为真正的数组:类似数组的对象和可遍历(iterable)的对象(包括 ES6 新增的数据结构 Set 和 Map) 还可以接受第二个参数接受处理函数
Array.from({ length: 5 }, (v, i) => i);
// [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
Array.from("foo");
// [ "f", "o", "o" ]
const set = new Set(["foo", "bar", "baz", "foo"]);
Array.from(set);
// [ "foo", "bar", "baz" ]
const map = new Map([
[1, 2],
[2, 4],
[4, 8],
]);
Array.from(map);
// [[1, 2], [2, 4], [4, 8]]
Array.from({ length: 3 }, () => Array(3).fill(0));
//[ [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 0 ] ]
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Array.of()
用于将一组值,转换为数组
Array.of(7); // [7]
Array(7); // 由 7 个空槽组成的数组
Array.of(1, 2, 3); // [1, 2, 3]
Array(1, 2, 3); // [1, 2, 3]
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sort()
默认设置为稳定的排序算法
const stableSorting = (s1, s2) => {
if (s1[0] < s2[0]) return -1;
return 1;
};
arr.sort(stableSorting)
// ["apple", "peach", "straw", "spork"]
arr.sort((a,b) => a - b)
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push()
push () 方法接收任意数量的参数,并将它们添加到数组末尾,返回数组的最新长度
const animals = ['pigs', 'goats', 'sheep'];
const count = animals.push('cows');
console.log(count);
// Expected output: 4
console.log(animals);
// Expected output: Array ["pigs", "goats", "sheep", "cows"]
animals.push('chickens', 'cats', 'dogs');
console.log(animals);
// Expected output: Array ["pigs", "goats", "sheep", "cows", "chickens", "cats", "dogs"]
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unshift()
unshift () 在数组开头添加任意多个值,然后返回新的数组长度
const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(array1.unshift(4, 5));
// Expected output: 5
console.log(array1);
// Expected output: Array [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]
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splice()
splice () 方法 就地
移除或者替换已存在的元素和 / 或添加新的元素。 增:传入三个参数,分别是开始位置、0(要删除的元素数量)、插入的元素,返回空数组 删:传入两个参数,分别是开始位置,删除元素的数量,返回包含删除元素的数组 改:传入三个参数,分别是开始位置,要删除元素的数量,要插入的任意多个元素,返回删除元素的数组,对原数组产生影响
const months = ['Jan', 'March', 'April', 'June'];
months.splice(1, 0, 'Feb');
// Inserts at index 1
console.log(months);
// Expected output: Array ["Jan", "Feb", "March", "April", "June"]
months.splice(4, 1, 'May');
// Replaces 1 element at index 4
console.log(months);
// Expected output: Array ["Jan", "Feb", "March", "April", "May"]
months.splice(4, 1);
// del 1 element at index 4
console.log(months);
// Expected output: Array ["Jan", "Feb", "March", "April"]
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concat()
首先会创建一个当前数组的副本,然后再把它的参数添加到副本末尾,最后返回这个新构建的数组,不会影响原始数组
const array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
const array2 = ['d', 'e', 'f'];
const array3 = array1.concat(array2);
console.log(array3);
// Expected output: Array ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
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pop()
pop () 方法用于删除数组的最后一项,同时减少数组的 length
值,返回被删除的项
const plants = ['broccoli', 'cauliflower', 'cabbage', 'kale', 'tomato'];
console.log(plants.pop());
// Expected output: "tomato"
console.log(plants);
// Expected output: Array ["broccoli", "cauliflower", "cabbage", "kale"]
plants.pop();
console.log(plants);
// Expected output: Array ["broccoli", "cauliflower", "cabbage"]
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shift()
shift () 方法用于删除数组的第一项,同时减少数组的 length
值,返回被删除的项
const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
const firstElement = array1.shift();
console.log(array1);
// Expected output: Array [2, 3]
console.log(firstElement);
// Expected output: 1
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slice()
slice () 方法返回一个新的数组对象,这一对象是一个由 start 和 end 决定的原数组的浅拷贝(包括 start,不包括 end),其中 start 和 end 代表了数组元素的索引。原始数组不会被改变。
const animals = ['ant', 'bison', 'camel', 'duck', 'elephant'];
console.log(animals.slice(2));
// Expected output: Array ["camel", "duck", "elephant"]
console.log(animals.slice(2, 4));
// Expected output: Array ["camel", "duck"]
console.log(animals.slice(1, 5));
// Expected output: Array ["bison", "camel", "duck", "elephant"]
console.log(animals.slice(-2));
// Expected output: Array ["duck", "elephant"]
console.log(animals.slice(2, -1));
// Expected output: Array ["camel", "duck"]
console.log(animals.slice());
// Expected output: Array ["ant", "bison", "camel", "duck", "elephant"]
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indexOf()
返回要查找的元素在数组中的位置,如果没找到则返回 -1
const beasts = ['ant', 'bison', 'camel', 'duck', 'bison'];
console.log(beasts.indexOf('bison'));
// Expected output: 1
// Start from index 2
console.log(beasts.indexOf('bison', 2));
// Expected output: 4
console.log(beasts.indexOf('giraffe'));
// Expected output: -1
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includes()
返回要查找的元素在数组中的位置,找到返回 true
,否则 false
const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(array1.includes(2));
// Expected output: true
const pets = ['cat', 'dog', 'bat'];
console.log(pets.includes('cat'));
// Expected output: true
console.log(pets.includes('at'));
// Expected output: false
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find()
返回第一个匹配的元素
const array1 = [5, 12, 8, 130, 44];
const found = array1.find((element) => element > 10);
console.log(found);
// Expected output: 12
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join()
join () 方法接收一个参数,即字符串分隔符,返回包含所有项的字符串
const elements = ['Fire', 'Air', 'Water'];
console.log(elements.join());
// Expected output: "Fire,Air,Water"
console.log(elements.join(''));
// Expected output: "FireAirWater"
console.log(elements.join('-'));
// Expected output: "Fire-Air-Water"
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forEach()
对数组每一项都运行传入的函数,没有返回值
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1];
numbers.forEach((item, index, array) => {
// 执行某些操作
});
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filter()
对数组每一项都运行传入的函数,函数返回 true
的项会组成数组之后返回
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1];
let filterResult = numbers.filter((item, index, array) => item > 2);
console.log(filterResult); // [3, 4, 5, 4, 3]
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map()
对数组每一项都运行传入的函数,返回由每次函数调用的结果构成的数组
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1];
let mapResult = numbers.map((item, index, array) => item * 2);
console.log(mapResult) // [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
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reverse()
reverse () 方法就地反转数组中的元素,并返回同一数组的引用。数组的第一个元素会变成最后一个,数组的最后一个元素变成第一个。换句话说,数组中的元素顺序将被翻转,变为与之前相反的方向。
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
arr.reverse();
// [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
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fill()
fill () 方法用一个固定值填充一个数组中从起始索引(默认为 0)到终止索引(默认为 array.length)内的全部元素。它返回修改后的数组。 fill(value, start, end)
console.log([1, 2, 3].fill(4)); // [4, 4, 4]
console.log([1, 2, 3].fill(4, 1)); // [1, 4, 4]
console.log([1, 2, 3].fill(4, 1, 2)); // [1, 4, 3]
console.log([1, 2, 3].fill(4, 1, 1)); // [1, 2, 3]
console.log([1, 2, 3].fill(4, 3, 3)); // [1, 2, 3]
console.log([1, 2, 3].fill(4, -3, -2)); // [4, 2, 3]
console.log([1, 2, 3].fill(4, NaN, NaN)); // [1, 2, 3]
console.log([1, 2, 3].fill(4, 3, 5)); // [1, 2, 3]
console.log(Array(3).fill(4)); // [4, 4, 4]
// 一个简单的对象,被数组的每个空槽所引用
const arr = Array(3).fill({}); // [{}, {}, {}]
arr[0].hi = "hi"; // [{ hi: "hi" }, { hi: "hi" }, { hi: "hi" }]
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去重
const arr = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5];
const uniqueArr = [...new Set(arr)];
console.log(uniqueArr); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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const arr = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5];
const uniqueArr = arr.filter((item, index) => arr.indexOf(item) === index);
console.log(uniqueArr); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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const unique = array => array.reduce((prev, curr) => prev.includes(curr) ? prev : [...prev, curr], []);
// 示例
const arr = [1, 2, 2, '3', '3'];
console.log(unique(arr)); // [1, 2, "3"]
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function unique(array) {
const seen = new Map(); // 使用Map支持对象键
return array.filter(item => {
// 处理NaN(NaN !== NaN,需特殊判断)
if (typeof item === 'number' && isNaN(item)) {
return seen.has('NaN') ? false : seen.set('NaN', true);
}
// 处理其他类型
const key = typeof item + JSON.stringify(item);
return seen.has(key) ? false : seen.set(key, true);
});
}
// 示例
const arr = [1, '1', 2, {a:1}, {a:1}, NaN, NaN];
console.log(unique(arr));
// [1, "1", 2, {a:1}, NaN]
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